Service demand pressure index
Composite score (0-100) from five components: ethnic change rate, asylum concentration, school diversity, language demand, and housing pressure. Higher scores indicate greater service-demand pressure from demographic change.
Top 30 areas by service demand pressure
#AreaScoreCategoryWhite British change
1 Nottingham 78 High Pressure -24.1pp 2 Reading 78 High Pressure -24.6pp 3 Wolverhampton 77 High Pressure -25.1pp 4 Coventry 74 High Pressure -27.6pp 5 Sandwell 74 High Pressure -29.4pp 6 Derby 74 High Pressure -24.4pp 7 Blackburn with Darwen 74 High Pressure -20.6pp 8 Middlesbrough 74 High Pressure -16.8pp 9 Hillingdon 73 High Pressure -23.6pp 10 Manchester 73 High Pressure -22.5pp 11 Stoke-on-Trent 73 High Pressure -28.1pp 12 Telford and Wrekin 73 High Pressure -22pp 13 Croydon 71 High Pressure -18.7pp 14 Bolton 71 High Pressure -32.7pp 15 Hounslow 70 High Pressure -15.7pp 16 Leicester 70 High Pressure -18.9pp 17 Luton 70 High Pressure -20.7pp 18 Newcastle upon Tyne 69 Moderate Pressure -23.8pp 19 Oldham 69 Moderate Pressure -27.8pp 20 Birmingham 67 Moderate Pressure -22.7pp 21 Liverpool 67 Moderate Pressure -26.5pp 22 Bradford 67 Moderate Pressure -16.8pp 23 Rochdale 67 Moderate Pressure -24.1pp 24 Peterborough 67 Moderate Pressure -27pp 25 Windsor and Maidenhead 66 Moderate Pressure -18pp 26 Barnet 65 Moderate Pressure -17.8pp 27 Portsmouth 65 Moderate Pressure -19.7pp 28 Walsall 63 Moderate Pressure -29.4pp 29 Bury 63 Moderate Pressure -21.6pp 30 Milton Keynes 63 Moderate Pressure -27.2pp Score components
Each component contributes up to 20 points to the total score.
Ethnic change rate Speed of White British share change 2021 to 2041
Asylum concentration Asylum support rate per 10,000 population
School diversity pressure Projected English as Additional Language (EAL) demand growth from DfE data
Language demand Projected non-English speaking population growth
Housing pressure Foreign-born population growth driving housing demand