Sources
Every figure on this site links to a published government source. This page lists the primary datasets.
Primary data sources
Census 2021
Single year of age by ethnic group by sex. Custom dataset from ONS. 292 local authorities with direct observations.
ons.gov.uk/censusCensus 2011
18-group ethnicity by age by sex via NOMIS API. Used as baseline for CCR computation.
nomisweb.co.ukONS SNPP 2022
Subnational Population Projections. Used as total population envelope constraint for the HP model.
ons.gov.ukDfE School Census
Pupil ethnicity by school and local authority, 2014/15 to 2024/25. Independent validation for ages 0-15.
explore-education-statistics.service.gov.ukONS Births Table 8
Age-specific fertility rates by ethnicity and IMD decile. Used for empirical ethnic-specific TFRs.
ons.gov.ukONS Long-Term International Migration
Provisional net migration estimates from YE Jun 2012 to YE Dec 2025, with the IPS-to-RAPID methodology shift documented. Year ending December 2025 release, published 21 May 2026.
ons.gov.ukHome Office Immigration Statistics
Asylum claims and outcomes, visa grants by route, returns, detention, EU Settlement Scheme, work visas by SOC2020 occupation, citizenship grants, illegal entry routes. Year ending March 2026 release, published 21 May 2026.
gov.ukDWP Stat-Xplore
National Insurance number registrations from overseas (24-year arc) and Personal Independence Payment claimants by constituency.
stat-xplore.dwp.gov.ukNOMIS
ONS Census tables (TS021, RM134, RM043, RM021) and Mid-Year Population Estimates by local authority.
nomisweb.co.ukONS Births by Country of Birth
Births to UK-born vs non-UK-born mothers, 2008 to 2024, England and Wales. Table 1 for national, Table 6a for per-local-authority breakdowns.
ons.gov.ukThis list covers the primary feeds. Specialist sources (Land Registry HPI for housing, Police.uk LSOA-level crime, NHS Digital for adult social care, DLUHC homelessness counts) are referenced inline on the pages that use them.